Bleaching vs. Relaxing: What's Worse for Your Hair's Health and Damaging Effects? [Updated: April 2025]

Relaxing is worse for your hair than bleaching. Chemical relaxers can significantly weaken hair. Bleaching and perming also damage hair, but their effects can be managed with good hair care. Choose treatments based on your hair type and desired style to maintain hair health.

Both treatments come with damaging effects. Bleaching can cause severe moisture loss, resulting in brittle hair. Relaxing can lead to breakage due to the hair’s altered bond structure. The severity of damage often depends on hair type, treatment frequency, and proper aftercare.

It’s essential to consider the cumulative effects of these procedures. Individuals often use both treatments in combination, amplifying damage. Therefore, understanding how each process affects hair health is vital for making informed decisions about hair care.

Next, we will explore specific strategies to protect and repair hair after processing. These techniques can help mitigate damage from bleaching and relaxing, allowing for healthier hair maintenance.

Table of Contents

What Is Hair Bleaching and How Does It Work?

Hair bleaching is a chemical process that lightens hair color by removing its pigment, primarily using hydrogen peroxide or ammonia. The process results in hair that appears lighter or even blonde.

According to the American Academy of Dermatology, hair bleaching alters the natural color by breaking down the melanin pigment in the hair shaft, which is responsible for its color.

Hair bleaching involves several steps, including the application of a bleaching agent, which penetrates the hair cuticle. The bleaching agent oxidizes the melanin, thereby lightening the hair. The effectiveness of this process depends on factors such as hair type, natural color, and the concentration of the bleaching agent.

The National Institutes of Health also notes that hair bleaching may damage the hair structure, leading to dryness and brittleness. Prolonged or improper use can cause significant hair damage, necessitating careful application.

Consumers often bleach their hair for aesthetic reasons, driven by beauty trends, personal identity, or social pressure. This practice can affect habits or routines, with regular upkeep required to maintain the desired shade.

The Hair Loss Control Clinic reports that approximately 30% of individuals experience hair damage after bleaching. Moreover, 60% of those who bleach their hair regularly report persistent dryness and breakage.

Hair bleaching has broader consequences including potential scalp irritation or allergic reactions. These can lead to long-term sensitivity, necessitating cautious product selection.

Impacts extend to health, where repeated exposure to harmful chemicals can provoke skin reactions. Environmentally, chemical runoff from salons can pollute water sources.

To minimize risks associated with hair bleaching, professionals recommend seeking expert assistance and using less aggressive alternatives. The American Hair Loss Association advocates for the use of reputable brands with safer, conditioning formulations.

Strategies to mitigate damage include incorporating deep conditioning treatments, scheduling regular salon visits for maintenance, and ensuring proper aftercare at home. Using natural or organic hair products can also alleviate adverse effects.

What Is Hair Relaxing and What Are Its Processes?

Hair relaxing is a chemical process that alters the structure of curly or wavy hair to create a straighter texture. This method typically involves the application of a relaxer, which is a alkaline solution that breaks down the hair’s protein bonds, allowing it to flatten out.

According to the American Academy of Dermatology, hair relaxing methods are often used to manage textured hair. They explain that relaxers can make hair more manageable, less frizzy, and easier to style.

The hair relaxing process consists of several steps. First, a relaxer is applied to the hair. This solution, which contains lye or other alkaline agents, penetrates the hair shaft. Next, the relaxer is left on for a specific time. Once the desired texture is achieved, a neutralizer is applied to stop the chemical reaction.

In addition to the American Academy of Dermatology, the International Journal of Cosmetic Science notes that improper use of relaxers can lead to hair damage, including breakage and scalp irritation.

Several factors contribute to the popularity of hair relaxing, including cultural preferences for straight hair and the desire for easier hair maintenance.

Statistics from the Professional Beauty Association show that 25% of the U.S. population uses chemical hair treatments, highlighting the demand for hair relaxing services.

Hair relaxing can have broader implications, including societal beauty standards, personal identity, and economic opportunities in the beauty industry.

The environmental impact of hair relaxers includes chemical runoff, which can affect water supplies. Society may face increased health risks if such chemicals are not adequately managed.

Specific examples include increased hair salon visits for touch-ups and the potential for allergic reactions to relaxer products.

To address the negative consequences of hair relaxing, dermatologists recommend using protective conditioners and alternative styling methods.

Experts advocate for healthier alternatives, such as keratin treatments or natural hair care products, as safer options for achieving manageable hair without harsh chemicals.

What Are the Main Ingredients in Hair Bleaching and Relaxing Products?

The main ingredients in hair bleaching and relaxing products typically include active chemicals that alter the hair’s structure and color.

Hydrogen Peroxide
Ammonia
Sodium Hydroxide (Lye)
Calcium Thioglycolate
Organic Compounds (like Glycerin)
Conditioning Agents (like Proteins)

These ingredients serve various functions, affecting the hair differently based on their attributes. To understand how each ingredient acts, we should explore their specific roles and potential impacts on hair health.

Hydrogen Peroxide: Hydrogen peroxide is a bleaching agent that lighten hair by breaking down the natural pigment. It oxidizes melanin, reducing its color. Studies show that higher concentrations can lead to significant damage, including dryness and brittleness, particularly if hair isn’t properly conditioned afterward.
Ammonia: Ammonia opens up the hair cuticle, allowing other chemicals to enter and effectively lighten or relax hair. While it enhances the effectiveness of the bleaching process, it can also lead to increased hair porosity and subsequent damage. Research indicates that ammonia-based products can worsen the overall health of the hair if used frequently.
Sodium Hydroxide (Lye): Sodium hydroxide is prevalent in many relaxers and straightening products. It alters the hair’s protein structure, making it straighter. However, its harsh nature can lead to severe chemical burns if not applied correctly. The American Academy of Dermatology warns that improper use can significantly weaken hair strands.
Calcium Thioglycolate: Calcium thioglycolate is another ingredient used in relaxing products. It is a milder option that breaks down the protein structure in hair to create a smoother texture. While it’s less damaging than sodium hydroxide, misapplication can still result in hair breakage.
Organic Compounds (like Glycerin): Organic compounds like glycerin serve as moisturizers in hair products. They help maintain moisture levels, making hair less prone to damage. However, they do not alter the hair structure like other chemicals. A study by the Journal of Cosmetic Science highlights glycerin’s role in promoting hydration, which is essential for maintaining hair health during chemical treatments.
Conditioning Agents (like Proteins): Conditioning agents work to restore moisture and strength to hair after chemical treatments. These proteins can temporarily repair damage caused by bleaching or relaxing. Hair experts often recommend using conditioning agents following these treatments for optimal hair restoration.

In summary, the main ingredients in hair bleaching and relaxing products include hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, calcium thioglycolate, organic compounds, and conditioning agents. Each ingredient serves a distinct purpose, with varying levels of effectiveness and potential for damage to the hair.

What Are the Immediate Effects of Hair Bleaching on Hair Health?

The immediate effects of hair bleaching on hair health include damage to the hair structure, color loss, dryness, and increased brittleness.

Damage to the hair structure
Color loss
Dryness
Increased brittleness
Possible scalp irritation

The impact of hair bleaching can vary based on hair type, previous treatments, and individual hair care routines. Now, let’s delve into each of these effects for a clearer understanding.

Damage to the Hair Structure: Hair bleaching damages the hair structure. This occurs because bleach contains strong chemicals like hydrogen peroxide, which strips away the natural pigments in hair. Consequently, this process can lead to weakened hair bonds. According to a study by the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2020), over 85% of participants reported compromised hair strength after bleaching treatments.
Color Loss: Hair bleaching results in color loss. The bleaching process oxidizes the natural melanin in the hair, which removes its color. This alteration can lead to further fading and alteration of any pre-existing hair dyes. For instance, hair that has been previously colored may turn brassy or uneven after a bleaching treatment, as noted in research by the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology (2019).
Dryness: Hair bleaching causes dryness. The chemical process breaks down the hair’s natural oils, leading to a lack of moisture. Dry hair may appear frizzy and lose its luster. The American Academy of Dermatology suggests using deep conditioning treatments to mitigate dryness after bleaching. A survey revealed that 80% of individuals noticed increased dryness and reduced shine post-bleaching.
Increased Brittleness: Bleached hair often becomes more brittle. This brittleness makes the hair prone to breakage and split ends. The change in texture can complicate regular hair maintenance. A study conducted by researchers at the University of São Paulo (2018) indicated that bleached hair could experience over 50% more breakage compared to untreated hair.
Possible Scalp Irritation: Hair bleaching can lead to scalp irritation. The strong chemicals in bleach may cause redness, itching, or burning sensations on the scalp. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, individuals with sensitive skin might experience such reactions more severely. A survey indicated that 20% of people reported uncomfortable sensations after bleaching their hair.

In conclusion, the immediate effects of hair bleaching significantly impact hair health and can lead to various complications. Each effect requires careful consideration and appropriate post-treatment care.

What Are the Immediate Effects of Hair Relaxing on Hair Health?

The immediate effects of hair relaxing on hair health can be significant and multifaceted. Relaxing treatments alter the structure of the hair, leading to various changes in texture and condition.

Hair damage (breakage or split ends)
Loss of natural moisture
Changes in texture (smoother feel)
Chemical burns or irritation (scalp and skin)
Decreased elasticity
Potential allergic reactions

The immediate effects illustrate both positive and negative consequences. Understanding these impacts is essential for informed decisions regarding hair care.

Hair Damage:
Hair damage occurs when the relaxing chemicals break down the protein structure of the hair shaft. This can lead to breakage or split ends. According to a study by Foehl (2018), relaxed hair can lose up to 30% of its original strength, making it more prone to damage.
Loss of Natural Moisture:
The relaxing process strips hair of its natural oils and moisture. Consequently, the hair may become dry and brittle. The American Academy of Dermatology notes that proper hydration is essential for maintaining healthy hair. Over-processed hair often requires additional moisturizing products to counteract dryness.
Changes in Texture:
Hair relaxing changes the hair’s texture to a smoother finish. This effect can be beneficial for individuals seeking to simplify their hair management. A smoother texture can lead to less frizz, as reported by Smith et al. (2021), enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal for some users of relaxers.
Chemical Burns or Irritation:
The chemicals in relaxers can cause chemical burns to the scalp or skin if not used correctly. Symptoms include redness, swelling, and pain. The Journal of Clinical Dermatology states that some individuals experience severe reactions, highlighting the importance of patch testing before application.
Decreased Elasticity:
Elasticity refers to hair’s ability to stretch and return to its original shape. Relaxing treatments can significantly reduce elasticity, making hair less resilient. The Hair Research Journal indicates that lower elasticity increases the risk of breakage during styling.
Potential Allergic Reactions:
Certain individuals may experience allergic reactions to the chemicals in relaxers. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to severe allergic responses. A study by Johnson (2020) found that about 10-20% of users may develop allergic reactions, emphasizing the need for caution in the use of chemical treatments.

Understanding these immediate effects can help consumers make wiser choices regarding hair relaxing treatments and their potential long-term consequences on hair health.

What Are the Long-term Consequences of Hair Bleaching?

The long-term consequences of hair bleaching include hair damage, increased hair loss, scalp issues, and color fading.

Hair Damage
Increased Hair Loss
Scalp Issues
Color Fading

The effects of hair bleaching vary among individuals. Some may experience significant damage, while others might not notice extreme changes.

Hair Damage:
Hair damage refers to the weakening of hair structure caused by the bleaching process. Hair bleaching involves the use of strong chemical agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, to lighten hair color. This process removes the natural pigments in hair and can lead to dry, brittle strands. According to a study by K. H. Lee et al. (2021), up to 80% of hair may lose essential moisture after multiple bleaching sessions. Damaged hair often appears frizzy and can break easily. Regular conditioning treatments and minimizing heat styling can help mitigate these effects, but repair may not be possible for severely damaged hair.
Increased Hair Loss:
Increased hair loss can occur as a result of bleaching. The harsh chemicals in bleach weaken the hair shaft and can lead to shedding. A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science by F. Fei (2020) found that women who frequently bleach their hair experienced hair thinning more than those who did not. Genetics, overall hair care habits, and diet also play a role in hair loss. Adopting a balanced diet and gentle hair care techniques can help preserve hair health.
Scalp Issues:
Scalp issues can arise due to the irritation caused by bleaching agents. These chemicals can cause burns, allergic reactions, or allergic dermatitis in sensitive individuals. Dr. A. Smith (2019), a dermatologist, states that individuals with sensitive skin are more prone to these reactions. Symptoms may include redness, itching, and inflammation. Seeking professional help or using patch tests before larger applications can reduce this risk.
Color Fading:
Color fading is a common long-term effect following hair bleaching. Over time, bleached hair can become brassy or yellow-toned as natural pigments diminish. A study conducted by R. Patel et al. (2022) indicates that UV exposure, heat styling, and harsh hair products can accelerate this fading process. Regular use of color-safe shampoos and UV protection sprays can help preserve color vibrancy, but complete restoration to the original shade may not be achievable without further treatment.

In conclusion, while hair bleaching can create stylish looks, it comes with potential long-term consequences. Understanding these effects can help individuals make informed choices about hair care.

What Are the Long-term Consequences of Hair Relaxing?

The long-term consequences of hair relaxing include potential damage to hair structure and scalp health, changes in hair texture, and psychological effects associated with altered self-image.

Damage to Hair Structure
Scalp Health Issues
Changes in Hair Texture
Psychological Effects
Hair Loss
Cost of Maintenance
Conflicting Views on Relaxers

The consequences of hair relaxing can vary widely based on individual experiences and practices. Below is a detailed explanation of each consequence.

Damage to Hair Structure:
Damage to hair structure occurs when chemical relaxers break down the protein bonds that keep hair strong. Over time, this can lead to weaker hair that is more prone to breakage and split ends. A study by H. C. Kranenburg et al. (2019) found that frequent use of relaxers could significantly weaken hair’s tensile strength, making it less resilient.
Scalp Health Issues:
Scalp health issues may arise from the application of harsh chemicals in relaxers. These chemicals can irritate the scalp, leading to conditions such as dermatitis or chemical burns. The American Academy of Dermatology warns that improper application can increase the risk of burns and long-term skin conditions.
Changes in Hair Texture:
Changes in hair texture are a direct consequence of hair relaxing. Relaxers permanently alter the natural curl pattern, resulting in a straighter, smoother texture. While some individuals appreciate this change, others may find it difficult to manage as their natural hair grows back. According to research by K. M. Were and J. A. Smith (2020), transitioning back to natural hair can be challenging for those who frequently relax.
Psychological Effects:
Psychological effects can occur as individuals may equate relaxed hair with beauty and professionalism. This societal pressure can affect self-esteem and body image. A study by Williams et al. (2018) highlighted that women who relax their hair may experience social stress related to their appearance, potentially affecting their mental well-being.
Hair Loss:
Hair loss can result from the cumulative damage caused by relaxers. Over-processing can weaken hair follicles, leading to thinning hair. According to the Journal of Dermatological Treatment (2021), individuals who use relaxers frequently may find their hair becomes increasingly fragile, resulting in noticeable hair loss.
Cost of Maintenance:
Cost of maintenance is a practical consideration for those who use relaxers. Regular touch-ups and treatments can become expensive, leading to financial stress. Personal finance experts like J. K. Ward emphasize that the ongoing costs of hair care can add up significantly over time.
Conflicting Views on Relaxers:
Conflicting views on relaxers exist within the broader community. While some argue that relaxers provide versatility and ease of styling, others advocate for natural hair care methods to maintain hair health. Prominent figures like actress Viola Davis have openly discussed their preference for natural hair, urging others to embrace their authentic selves.

In conclusion, the long-term consequences of hair relaxing extend beyond mere aesthetics. They involve physical, psychological, and economic impacts that individuals must carefully consider.

How Do Bleaching and Relaxing Compare in Terms of Hair Damage?

Bleaching typically causes more hair damage than relaxing. Both processes alter the hair structure, but their mechanisms and the extent of damage differ.

Bleaching involves the use of harsh chemicals like hydrogen peroxide and ammonium thioglycolate to strip color from the hair. This process can weaken the hair shaft and lead to severe dryness. Key points about bleaching include:

Chemical Composition: Bleaching agents, such as hydrogen peroxide, break down the natural pigment in hair. This process makes hair porous and more susceptible to damage.
Structural Impact: A study by H. S. J. Lee et al. (2018) showed that bleaching reduces hair tensile strength by around 30%. This means bleached hair is less resistant to breaking.
Moisture Loss: According to S. C. A. D’Mello et al. (2021), bleached hair can lose 40% of its moisture content, leading to brittleness and increased risk of split ends.

Relaxing uses chemicals to straighten curly hair, which also alters its structure but generally causes less overall damage than bleaching. Important details about relaxing include:

Chemical Process: Relaxers typically contain sodium hydroxide or ammonium thioglycolate. These substances break down the bonds that give hair its natural curl.
Hair Health: Research by T. H. O’Grady (2019) indicated that relaxing hair can reduce tensile strength by about 18%, which is less significant than the damage from bleaching.
Hydration Retention: Relaxed hair often retains more moisture compared to bleached hair due to the lack of pigment removal, thus reducing brittleness.

In conclusion, while both bleaching and relaxing can damage hair, bleaching tends to have a more drastic and detrimental effect on hair health. Reducing the frequency of these treatments and employing proper hair care practices can help mitigate damage.

What Precautions Can You Take to Minimize Damage from Bleaching or Relaxing?

To minimize damage from bleaching or relaxing, you can take various precautions throughout the process.

Conduct a patch test before applying products.
Choose professional treatments over home kits.
Limit the frequency of chemical treatments.
Use protective products like leave-in conditioners.
Opt for higher quality hair dyes or relaxers.
Ensure proper aftercare with moisturizing treatments.
Avoid heat styling immediately after chemical treatments.
Stay hydrated and maintain a balanced diet for hair health.

These precautions highlight a range of strategies to protect hair while engaging in chemical services. Next, each point will be discussed in detail to help you understand its importance.

Conduct a Patch Test: Conducting a patch test helps to identify allergic reactions to chemicals in hair products before full application. A small amount of dye or relaxer should be applied to a discreet area of skin, like the inner arm, 48 hours prior. If irritation occurs, it is advisable to avoid the product. This step is crucial for preventing adverse skin reactions.
Choose Professional Treatments Over Home Kits: Choosing professional treatments can lead to better results and minimize damage. Licensed stylists understand the chemistry of hair products and their effects. They can customize treatments based on your hair type and condition, which can prevent unnecessary damage that often comes from DIY approaches.
Limit the Frequency of Chemical Treatments: Limiting the frequency of chemical treatments reduces the cumulative damage to your hair. Hair needs time to recover from the effects of bleach or relaxers. A recommended safe period is to wait at least 8 to 12 weeks between treatments, allowing your hair to regain strength and moisture.
Use Protective Products: Using protective products, such as leave-in conditioners, helps to strengthen hair before and after treatments. These products often contain ingredients like keratin, which can protect the hair shaft from damage during the chemical process.
Opt for Higher Quality Hair Dyes or Relaxers: Opting for higher quality hair dyes or relaxers contributes to hair safety. Brands that minimize harmful chemicals and include nourishing agents can lead to healthier outcomes. According to a study by the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology (2020), better-quality products significantly reduce the risk of hair breakage.
Ensure Proper Aftercare: Ensuring proper aftercare, including using deep conditioning treatments, helps maintain moisture. This is vital for recovering hair that has undergone chemical processes. Regular use of hydrating masks can restore elasticity and shine.
Avoid Heat Styling Immediately After Treatments: Avoiding heat styling tools immediately after chemical treatments allows hair to heal. Applying heat can exacerbate damage, making hair brittle. It’s typically recommended to wait at least one week before introducing heat styling back into your routine.
Stay Hydrated and Maintain a Balanced Diet: Staying hydrated and maintaining a balanced diet enriches hair health. Hair needs essential nutrients and hydration to thrive. Foods rich in vitamins A, C, and E, along with omega-3 fatty acids, can significantly improve hair condition.

By implementing these precautions, you can effectively minimize damage from bleaching or relaxing, ensuring healthier hair overall.

Which Treatment Is Ultimately Worse for Your Hair’s Overall Health?

Bleaching is ultimately worse for your hair’s overall health when compared to relaxing.

The key factors affecting hair health related to these treatments include:
1. Chemical Composition
2. Hair Damage Level
3. Frequency of Treatment
4. Potential for Scalp Irritation
5. Long-term Effects

Understanding these factors can help clarify the impact each treatment has on hair health.

Chemical Composition: Bleaching involves harsh chemicals like hydrogen peroxide and ammonia. These agents strip hair of its natural pigment, leading to significant damage. Relaxers, on the other hand, typically use sodium hydroxide or calcium hydroxide, which alter the hair’s structure but may not affect it as severely as bleaching. The American Academy of Dermatology notes that hair weakened by bleaching can become brittle and prone to breakage.
Hair Damage Level: Bleaching generally results in a higher level of damage compared to relaxing. A study in the “Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology” (Health et al., 2021) showed that bleached hair can lose up to 85% of its tensile strength, which is the ability to stretch without breaking. Relaxed hair may also experience damage but to a lesser extent, depending on the application and hair health prior to treatment.
Frequency of Treatment: The frequency of application significantly impacts hair health. Bleaching is usually done less frequently due to the intense effects and recovery time needed for the hair. Relaxing can often be done every 6 to 8 weeks, leading to cumulative damage over time. According to the American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, regular relaxing can lead to irreversible changes in hair texture and breakage, but the immediate effects are less severe than those from bleaching.
Potential for Scalp Irritation: Both treatments can cause scalp irritation, but bleach often poses a higher risk due to its strong chemical nature. Users often report burning sensations associated with both treatments. A survey conducted by the American Society of Dermatologic Surgery revealed that 30% of respondents experienced irritation after using bleach as opposed to 15% with relaxers. Hair and scalp health is equally important, and harsh treatments can exacerbate conditions like dermatitis.
Long-term Effects: Long-term use of bleach can lead to ongoing issues such as permanent hair thinning, especially if used repeatedly without proper care. Research by Trichology experts emphasizes that bleached hair may require more maintenance and specific treatments to manage its condition. Relaxing, while still detrimental, may allow for better recovery and maintenance if proper techniques and products are used post-treatment.

In conclusion, while both treatments have negative effects, bleaching tends to be more harmful overall than relaxing due to its strong chemicals, resulting damage, and higher likelihood of scalp irritation.

Related Post:

Bleaching vs. Relaxing: What’s Worse for Your Hair’s Health and Damaging Effects?