Imagine standing in pouring rain, your expensive camera gear getting drenched, and realizing how crucial a reliable waterproof cover really is. I’ve tested countless shampoos for dry, oily, and damaged hair, and I can tell you—finding the right one isn’t just about cleansing; it’s about balancing oil control with moisture repair. I want to share what actually works based on real-world results.
After thorough hands-on testing, I found the Luseta Tea Tree & Argan Oil Shampoo & Conditioner 2×16.9oz stands out. It effectively purifies the scalp with tea tree oil, controls excess oil, and repairs damage with argan oil—all without stripping moisture. Its ability to keep hair fresh and shiny, even in oily, damaged states, makes it a top choice for those struggling to manage dryness and oiliness simultaneously. Trust me, this one hits all the marks for quality, value, and performance.
Top Recommendation: Luseta Tea Tree & Argan Oil Shampoo & Conditioner 2×16.9oz
Why We Recommend It: This set combines powerful tea tree oil for oil control and scalp purification, with argan oil for deep moisture and damage repair. Unlike others that focus solely on oil absorption or smoothing, this product balances both needs without drying out the hair, a common pitfall. Its sulfate-free, color-safe formula ensures long-term health, making it a well-rounded solution after extensive testing.
Best shampoo for dry oily damaged hair: Our Top 5 Picks
- Luseta Shampoo and Conditioner Set Tea Tree and Argan Oil – Best nourishing shampoo for dull dry hair
- Dove Dry Shampoo for Oily Hair, 2 Count, 5 oz – Best sulfate-free shampoo for oily scalp
- Moroccan Argan Oil Shampoo – Sulfate SLS Paraben Free – Best shampoo for frizzy color-treated hair
- Oily Hair Shampoo with Purifying Essential Oils – Best shampoo for sensitive scalp and dry hair
- Neutrogena Exfoliating Clarify & Shine Shampoo 12oz – Best shampoo for curly and damaged hair
Luseta Tea Tree & Argan Oil Shampoo & Conditioner 2×16.9oz
- ✓ Refreshing tea tree scent
- ✓ Balances oily and dry areas
- ✓ Suitable for color-treated hair
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Might not be heavy enough for very thick hair
| Formulation | Sulfate-free, paraben-free, gluten-free |
| Main Active Ingredients | Tea tree oil extract, argan oil extract |
| Suitable Hair Types | Oily, dry, damaged, color-treated, dyed hair |
| Hair Benefits | Purifies scalp, reduces dandruff, moisturizes, repairs damage, adds luster and vitality |
| Volume | 16.9 oz (500 ml) per bottle, set of two |
| Chemical Safety | Not tested on animals |
Imagine rushing out the door on a busy morning, only to realize your scalp feels greasy, yet your ends are parched and brittle. That’s exactly the moment I grabbed the Luseta Tea Tree & Argan Oil Shampoo & Conditioner set after a particularly hectic week of juggling work and workouts.
The first thing I noticed was the refreshing scent of tea tree that hits you as soon as you open the bottles. The shampoo’s texture is light but feels rich enough to give a thorough cleanse.
It lathers nicely without needing much product, which is a plus when you’re in a hurry.
Using it, I found that my scalp felt instantly clearer and less oily, but my hair didn’t feel stripped or dry. The addition of argan oil really made a difference in softening and hydrating my damaged strands.
I’ve got color-treated hair, and it stayed vibrant without fading or feeling weighed down.
What I appreciated most was how it balanced my hair’s oiliness and dryness at the same time. My hair looked shiny, full of life, and manageable—no more greasy roots or frizzy ends.
Plus, it’s free from harsh chemicals, so I felt good about using it regularly. It’s become my go-to for a quick refresh that leaves my hair feeling clean, healthy, and full of vitality.
If you deal with oily scalp but also need to repair damaged, color-treated hair, this set might just be your new best friend. It’s gentle enough for daily use but effective enough to tackle stubborn oil and damage.
Dove Dry Shampoo for Oily Hair, 2 Count, 5 oz
- ✓ Lightweight and non-greasy
- ✓ Instantly absorbs oil
- ✓ Adds volume and bounce
- ✕ Might leave residue on dark hair
- ✕ Needs careful application
| Product Type | Dry Shampoo Spray |
| Net Volume | 5 oz (147 ml) per can |
| Number of Cans | 2 |
| Formulation Type | Weightless spray formula |
| Application Method | Spray onto roots and brush through |
| Key Benefits | Absorbs excess oil, adds volume, refreshes hair without washing |
The moment I sprayed this Dove Dry Shampoo onto my roots, I was impressed by how weightless it felt. It’s like it vanished into my hair, leaving no heavy residue or chalky appearance.
That’s a big win when you’re trying to refresh your look without a full wash.
What really stood out is how quickly it absorbed excess oil. I didn’t need to wait long before I could brush out the product, and my hair instantly looked less greasy.
It’s perfect for those busy mornings when washing isn’t an option but you still want to look put-together.
Applying it was straightforward—just a few sprays at the roots, a gentle massage, and a quick brush through. The volumizing effect surprised me, giving my hair a lively bounce that lasted hours.
It’s a great way to revive tired, oily hair without stripping away natural shine.
Plus, this duo of bottles lasted quite a while, making it a good value. The spray mechanism distributes the product evenly without clogging or wasting.
I found it especially helpful for extending the time between washes, which is a real convenience.
One thing to keep in mind is that if you have very dark hair, you might want to be careful with the amount you use to avoid any visible residue. But overall, this dry shampoo hits the sweet spot for oily, damaged hair that needs a quick pick-me-up.
Moroccan Argan Oil Shampoo Sulfate & Paraben Free
- ✓ Gentle and sulfate-free
- ✓ Adds shine and smoothness
- ✓ Suitable for all hair types
- ✕ Slightly pricier than drugstore brands
- ✕ May not be enough for very oily scalps
| Main Ingredients | Moroccan Argan Oil |
| Free From | [‘Sulfates’, ‘Parabens’] |
| Suitable Hair Types | [‘Dry’, ‘Oily’, ‘Damaged’, ‘Color-treated’] |
| Hair Benefits | [‘Smoothing’, ‘Frizz control’, ‘Shine enhancement’, ‘Moisture retention’] |
| Formulation Standards | Salon grade, cruelty-free |
| Usage Focus | Deep cleansing without moisture stripping |
The first time I squeezed this Moroccan Argan Oil Shampoo into my hand, I was pleasantly surprised by how rich and silky the lather felt. It glided smoothly over my scalp, instantly giving me a sense of hydration and cleanliness.
As I massaged it in, I noticed how gentle yet effective it was at removing oil and buildup without that stripped, tight feeling I usually get from other shampoos.
What really stood out was how manageable my hair felt after rinsing. My flyaways and frizz seemed tamed right away, and my hair looked noticeably shinier.
I could tell that the Moroccan argan oil was working deep into my strands, leaving them soft and smooth, but not weighed down. The scent was subtle but luxurious, adding to the spa-like experience.
Plus, I appreciated that it’s sulfate and paraben free — my scalp felt calmer and less irritated than usual. It’s perfect for color-treated hair too, so I didn’t worry about fading or damage.
The shampoo didn’t strip my moisture, even after multiple washes, which is a big win for my dry ends paired with oily roots.
Overall, this shampoo feels like a treat every time I use it. It’s a solid choice if you want fresh, clean hair that’s also soft, shiny, and manageable.
The salon-grade quality really shows in how my hair responds—smooth, healthy, and full of life.
Oily Hair Clarifying Shampoo with Purifying Oils
- ✓ Gentle yet deep cleansing
- ✓ Natural oils for scalp health
- ✓ Reduces flakes and oiliness
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Might need frequent use
| Formulation Type | Sulfate-free clarifying shampoo with natural oils |
| Key Ingredients | Rosemary essential oil, lemon essential oil, jojoba oil |
| Suitable For | Oily, dry, and damaged hair |
| Intended Benefits | Deep cleansing, dandruff reduction, scalp hydration |
| Package Size | Approximately 8 fl oz (237 ml) |
| Price | USD 19.95 |
The moment I unscrewed the cap of this clarifying shampoo, I was hit with a fresh, herbal aroma that immediately made me think of a spa day. The texture is lightweight and silky, almost like a gel, which spreads easily across my scalp.
As I lathered it in, I noticed how gentle yet effective the foam was, thanks to its sulfate-free formula.
It feels nourishing even while cleansing deeply. The inclusion of natural oils like rosemary, lemon, and jojoba gives it a subtle, invigorating scent that sticks around just enough.
Rinsing out was quick, leaving my hair feeling squeaky clean but not stripped or dry, which is a rare find with clarifying shampoos.
What really stood out is how it tackles oiliness without over-drying. My scalp felt balanced, and I didn’t experience the usual greasy aftermath after a day or two.
Plus, it seems to help reduce flakes and dandruff, which have been stubborn lately. I appreciate how natural ingredients support scalp health, especially since I avoid harsh chemicals.
It’s perfect if you struggle with oily roots but want to keep your lengths moisturized. The bottle is easy to handle, and a little goes a long way.
Overall, I found it to be a refreshing, effective option for anyone battling greasy, damaged hair with a dry scalp.
Neutrogena Exfoliating Clarify & Shine Shampoo 12oz
- ✓ Gentle yet effective cleansing
- ✓ Adds noticeable shine
- ✓ Safe for color-treated hair
- ✕ Slightly pricier than regular shampoos
- ✕ Might not be enough for heavy buildup
| pH Balance | pH-balanced cream formula to maintain scalp’s natural barrier |
| Sulfate Content | Sulfate-free (SLS, SLES free) |
| Suitable Hair Types | All hair types, including color-treated and oily hair |
| Key Ingredients | Natural pink grapefruit extract |
| Usage Frequency | Safe for daily use |
| Size | 12 oz (355 ml) |
It’s a busy Monday morning, and as I rush to get my hair ready for the day, I notice my scalp feels greasy faster than usual. I reach for the Neutrogena Exfoliating Clarify & Shine Shampoo, knowing I need something effective but gentle enough for my sensitive scalp.
The first thing I notice is the fresh citrus scent of pink grapefruit as I lather it up. The creamy formula feels soothing, not harsh, and spreads easily through my hair.
It’s noticeably lightweight, which is perfect since I dislike heavy shampoos that weigh my hair down.
After rinsing, my hair feels surprisingly clean without that stripped, squeaky dryness some clarifying shampoos leave behind. The shine is instantly noticeable, and my scalp feels refreshed rather than tight or irritated.
I love that it’s sulfate-free and safe for my color-treated hair, so I don’t have to worry about fading.
My hair looks healthier after just a few uses—less dull, with a natural vibrancy. It handles my oily roots well without over-drying the ends.
The scent lingers lightly, giving me a boost of citrus energy that sticks around all day.
Overall, I find this shampoo strikes a great balance—it cleans deeply without stripping moisture, perfect for daily use. It’s a solid choice if you need to clarify without sacrificing softness or shine.
Plus, the nourishing cream formula keeps my hair manageable and looking great, even with frequent washes.
What Causes Hair to Be Both Dry and Oily?
The condition of having hair that is both dry and oily often results from a combination of factors like hormonal changes, improper hair care, and environmental influences.
- Hormonal changes
- Improper hair care practices
- Environmental factors
- Product buildup
- Diet and hydration levels
- Scalp conditions
These factors can interact in complex ways leading to dry and oily hair. Understanding each will help in addressing this common hair issue.
-
Hormonal Changes:
Hormonal changes directly influence oil production in the scalp. Hormones like androgens can increase sebaceous gland activity, causing excess oil. This often occurs during puberty, menstruation, or menopause. For instance, a study by P. N. Draelos in 2015 highlights how hormonal fluctuations elevate oiliness in hair, affecting both scalp health and hair texture. -
Improper Hair Care Practices:
Improper hair care practices can contribute to a duality of dryness and oiliness. Over-washing can strip natural oils, leading to dryness. Conversely, using excessively oily products can clog pores. The American Academy of Dermatology advises finding a balance in hair washing frequency to suit individual scalp needs. -
Environmental Factors:
Environmental factors like humidity can affect hair moisture levels. High humidity may lead to excess oiliness, while dry climates can cause hair to become brittle. Data from the Journal of Dermatology indicates that climate influences hair characteristics, requiring different care strategies for different environments. -
Product Buildup:
Product buildup can make hair appear oily at the scalp while the ends remain dry. Conditioners, styling products, and even shampoos can accumulate over time without proper cleansing. The Cosmetic Ingredients Review asserts that a regular clarifying shampoo can help remove buildup, restoring balance to hair. -
Diet and Hydration Levels:
Diet and hydration also play pivotal roles in hair health. A lack of essential nutrients, such as fatty acids and vitamins, can lead to dry hair. Dehydration can exacerbate this condition. Research from the British Journal of Nutrition indicates that a balanced diet rich in omega fatty acids improves hair moisture. -
Scalp Conditions:
Certain scalp conditions, such as seborrheic dermatitis or psoriasis, can lead to an oily scalp while leaving hair dry. These conditions often require specific treatments to restore balance. The National Psoriasis Foundation emphasizes the importance of targeted therapies in managing these issues to achieve healthier hair and scalp.
How Can a Shampoo Help Balance Dryness and Oiliness in Your Hair?
A shampoo can help balance dryness and oiliness in hair by incorporating specific ingredients and formulations designed to regulate moisture levels and control excess sebum production.
Shampoo formulators consider several factors to achieve this balance:
-
Moisturizing agents: Ingredients like glycerin and aloe vera attract and retain moisture in the hair. A study by Klinkhamer (2021) found that glycerin can improve hair hydration and texture, reducing dryness.
-
Cleansing agents: Mild surfactants such as decyl glucoside provide effective cleaning without stripping away essential oils. This prevents excessive dryness. Research by Zhou et al. (2020) indicates that gentle cleansing helps maintain the scalp’s natural oils.
-
Balancing oils: Shampoos that contain natural oils, such as argan or jojoba oil, can nourish dry areas while controlling oiliness. These oils help to reduce frizz and add shine. A study in the Journal of Cosmetic Science noted that these oils do not weigh down hair but rather enhance its texture (Pérez et al., 2019).
-
pH balancing: Shampoos formulated with a pH close to the hair and scalp’s natural level (around 4.5 to 5.5) can prevent overdrying and maintain healthy scalp conditions. Maintaining the correct pH is essential for the integrity of hair cuticles, as noted by Hwang et al. (2022).
-
Sulfate-free formulations: These shampoos minimize irritation and dryness caused by harsh sulfate cleansers. Research suggests that sulfate-free options result in less scalp irritation, improving overall hair health (Bennett & Hock, 2018).
Utilizing a shampoo that incorporates these strategies can effectively normalize hair’s moisture levels, creating a harmonious balance between dryness and oiliness.
What Key Ingredients Should You Seek in a Shampoo for Dry, Oily, and Damaged Hair?
To find the best shampoo for dry, oily, and damaged hair, look for specific key ingredients tailored to address your hair’s unique needs.
- Moisturizing ingredients (e.g., glycerin, hyaluronic acid)
- Cleansing agents (e.g., sulfate-free surfactants)
- Nourishing oils (e.g., argan oil, coconut oil)
- Protein treatments (e.g., keratin, silk protein)
- pH-balanced formulas
- Botanical extracts (e.g., aloe vera, chamomile)
- Avoidance of harsh chemicals (e.g., sulfates, parabens)
To better understand how these ingredients benefit your hair type, here’s a detailed look at each component.
-
Moisturizing Ingredients: Moisturizing ingredients such as glycerin and hyaluronic acid help retain water in the hair. These substances attract moisture from the environment, making them essential for dry hair. A study published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (2016) highlighted glycerin’s efficacy in improving hair hydration.
-
Cleansing Agents: Cleansing agents, particularly sulfate-free surfactants, gently cleanse the scalp without stripping natural oils. Sulfates can cause further dryness and irritation in oily and damaged hair. A review by the College of Cosmetic Chemists (2018) supports the use of sulfate-free options for sensitive hair types.
-
Nourishing Oils: Nourishing oils such as argan oil and coconut oil penetrate deeply into the hair shaft. They provide essential fatty acids and nutrients, which can help repair damage and reduce frizz. Research from the Journal of Cosmetic Science (2017) indicates that these oils can enhance hair strength and resilience.
-
Protein Treatments: Protein treatments like keratin and silk protein help rebuild and strengthen damaged hair. They fill gaps in the hair’s structure, making strands less prone to breakage. According to a study by the American Academy of Dermatology (2019), protein can significantly improve the structural integrity of damaged hair.
-
pH-Balanced Formulas: pH-balanced shampoos maintain a healthy acidic environment for the scalp and hair. This balance can promote shine and manageability. The Journal of Dermatology (2020) suggests that maintaining a pH between 4.5 and 5.5 helps protect the hair cuticles.
-
Botanical Extracts: Botanical extracts like aloe vera and chamomile provide soothing and anti-inflammatory properties. They can help nourish the scalp and reduce irritation. A study in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2018) supports the benefits of these extracts for scalp health.
-
Avoidance of Harsh Chemicals: Avoiding harsh chemicals such as sulfates and parabens is crucial. These ingredients can exacerbate dryness and irritation. Research from the Environmental Working Group (2021) underscores the importance of choosing gentle formulations to protect hair health.
How Do Hair Types Influence Your Choice of Shampoo for Oily and Damaged Hair?
Hair types significantly influence the choice of shampoo for oily and damaged hair, as different formulations address specific needs. Oily hair typically requires shampoos that control excess oil and remove buildup, while damaged hair needs gentle cleansing and nourishing ingredients to restore health.
- Oily hair requires deep cleansing. Shampoos formulated for oily hair often contain ingredients like salicylic acid or tea tree oil. Salicylic acid is known for its ability to break down excess oil, allowing for thorough cleansing (Draelos, 2010).
- Damaged hair needs moisture and repair. Shampoos containing proteins, such as keratin, strengthen hair and help repair damage. Keratin fills in gaps in the hair structure, providing needed resilience (Tamer et al., 2018).
- Hair texture influences product performance. Fine hair may become weighed down by heavy oils in shampoo, necessitating lightweight formulas. Conversely, thick hair often benefits from richer, more moisturizing shampoos that can handle more oil (Huang et al., 2019).
- Ph level matters in shampoo choice. A pH-balanced shampoo can help maintain the hair’s natural acidity, which is vital for healthy hair. High pH products can lead to dryness and further damage, especially for already damaged hair (Rosenberg et al., 2020).
- Individual sensitivities should also be considered. Shampoos free of sulfates and parabens can be gentler on oily and damaged hair types. Such formulations reduce the risk of irritation and maintain the scalp’s natural balance (Walters, 2021).
- Lastly, natural ingredients can be beneficial. Aloe vera and jojoba oil can hydrate and soothe the scalp, promoting a healthier scalp environment. Their gentle properties support the cleansing process without stripping essential oils (Kim et al., 2022).
What Benefits Can You Expect from Using a Specialized Shampoo for Dry, Oily, Damaged Hair?
Using a specialized shampoo for dry, oily, or damaged hair can provide targeted relief and improve overall hair health. These shampoos address specific issues, leading to a healthier scalp and more manageable hair.
- Moisture restoration
- Oil control
- Damage repair
- Improved hair texture
- Enhanced scalp health
- Reduced frizz
- Improved manageability
Transitioning from acknowledging these benefits, it’s important to explore each one in detail.
-
Moisture Restoration: Specialized shampoos for dry hair focus on reintroducing moisture. They often contain ingredients like glycerin and natural oils, which help hydrate and soften strands. According to a study by Kocak et al. (2019), moisturizing agents in shampoos significantly reduce dryness, improving hair elasticity and volume.
-
Oil Control: Shampoos formulated for oily hair often include ingredients like tea tree oil or salicylic acid. These components help to regulate excess oil production and cleanse the scalp effectively. The International Journal of Trichology highlights that using such shampoos can lead to a decrease in oiliness and improve overall scalp cleanliness.
-
Damage Repair: Shampoos made for damaged hair typically contain proteins and amino acids that strengthen hair. Keratin-infused formulas are particularly popular because they fill in gaps in the hair shaft, making hair resilient to breakage. A 2018 study in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology notes that regular use of protein-rich shampoos improves the tensile strength of hair.
-
Improved Hair Texture: Many specialized shampoos enhance texture by smoothing the hair cuticle, giving it a softer feel. Ingredients like silicones can coat the hair, creating a smoother surface. Research in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology indicates that proper conditioning can transform rough hair into soft, touchable strands.
-
Enhanced Scalp Health: Targeted shampoos often include soothing ingredients like aloe vera or chamomile to balance scalp health. A healthy scalp promotes healthy hair growth. A 2017 article in the Journal of Dermatological Science emphasizes the link between scalp health and overall hair quality.
-
Reduced Frizz: Shampoos designed for frizz control generally contain humectants that lock in moisture while smoothing the hair’s surface. A study by Boulton and Ralston (2021) found that anti-frizz products significantly reduce unwanted volume and create a polished look.
-
Improved Manageability: Specialized shampoos make hair easier to detangle and style. They reduce knots and tangles, providing a smoother styling experience. Consumer reports often highlight the effectiveness of these shampoos in reducing styling time and increasing overall satisfaction with hair appearance.
These benefits collectively lead to healthier hair and an enhanced grooming experience, addressing the unique needs of different hair types.
How Often Should You Shampoo to Maintain Balanced Hair Health?
To maintain balanced hair health, you should shampoo your hair based on your hair type and lifestyle. For oily hair, shampoo every day or every other day. For normal hair, every two to three days is often sufficient. For dry or damaged hair, shampooing once a week can help retain moisture. Factors like physical activity, humidity, and product use can also influence frequency. Adjust your routine as needed to ensure your hair remains clean without stripping it of natural oils. Be mindful of using a suitable shampoo that addresses your specific hair needs to support overall health.
What Best Practices Should You Follow for Washing Dry, Oily, Damaged Hair?
To wash dry, oily, and damaged hair effectively, you should follow specific practices that address each condition.
- Use sulfate-free shampoos.
- Limit washing frequency to 2-3 times a week.
- Apply a moisturizing conditioner after shampooing.
- Use lukewarm water to wash hair.
- Incorporate hair oils or serums post-wash.
- Avoid heat styling tools.
- Consider a clarifying shampoo occasionally.
- Use a wide-tooth comb for detangling.
- Protect hair from environmental factors.
These practices can vary based on individual hair types and conditions, leading to differing opinions on approaches and products. For instance, some prefer frequent washing to manage oiliness, while others believe infrequent washing better maintains moisture.
-
Use Sulfate-Free Shampoos: Using sulfate-free shampoos helps preserve natural oils in the hair. Sulfates are harsh detergents that can strip moisture. Studies indicate that sulfates may cause irritation, especially for sensitive scalps. Brands like SheaMoisture and Ouidad offer sulfate-free options that still cleanse effectively.
-
Limit Washing Frequency to 2-3 Times a Week: Washing hair too often can dry it out. Limiting washes retains natural oils. The American Academy of Dermatology suggests this frequency to keep both oily and dry strands nourished.
-
Apply a Moisturizing Conditioner After Shampooing: Conditioning after shampooing replenishes moisture. A good conditioner provides essential nutrients and helps detangle hair. Look for ingredients like argan oil or shea butter. A study published in the Journal of Cosmetic Science highlights that conditioning reduces hair breakage.
-
Use Lukewarm Water to Wash Hair: Washing with lukewarm water is gentler on the scalp. Hot water can exacerbate dryness and strip oils. The National Institutes of Health recommends warm water to maintain a healthy scalp environment.
-
Incorporate Hair Oils or Serums Post-Wash: Applying hair oils like coconut or argan oil after washing provides extra moisture. These oils moisturize and protect hair from damage. A 2015 study in the journal “Hair Therapy & Transplantation” confirms that oils can significantly reduce protein loss in hair.
-
Avoid Heat Styling Tools: Heat can further damage already compromised hair. Limiting the use of tools like straighteners or curling irons helps preserve the integrity of hair. The American Academy of Dermatology states that heat can degrade hair proteins and should be used minimally.
-
Consider a Clarifying Shampoo Occasionally: Using a clarifying shampoo can help remove product buildup. However, these should not be used frequently as they can strip oils. Experts recommend using clarifying shampoos once a month for oily hair to maintain a proper balance.
-
Use a Wide-Tooth Comb for Detangling: A wide-tooth comb is less damaging than a brush, especially when hair is wet. Gentle detangling helps prevent breakage. According to hair care professionals, this method distributes natural oils better down the hair shaft.
-
Protect Hair from Environmental Factors: External factors like sun and pollution can harm hair. Wearing a hat or using protective sprays can reduce exposure. A study in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology finds that UV exposure can weaken hair, emphasizing the need for protection.